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Mean-level correspondence and moment-to-moment synchrony in adolescent and parent affect: Exploring associations with adolescent age and internalizing and externalizing symptoms
- Lauren M. Henry, Kelly H. Watson, David A. Cole, Sofia Torres, Allison Vreeland, Rachel E. Siciliano, Allegra S. Anderson, Meredith A. Gruhn, Abagail Ciriegio, Cassandra Broll, Jon Ebert, Tarah Kuhn, Bruce E. Compas
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- Journal:
- Development and Psychopathology / Volume 35 / Issue 2 / May 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 April 2022, pp. 809-822
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Interactions with parents are integral in shaping the development of children’s emotional processes. Important aspects of these interactions are overall (mean level) affective experience and affective synchrony (linkages between parent and child affect across time). Respectively, mean-level affect and affective synchrony reflect aspects of the content and structure of dyadic interactions. Most research on parent–child affect during dyadic interactions has focused on infancy and early childhood; adolescence, however, is a key period for both normative emotional development and the emergence of emotional disorders. We examined affect in early to mid-adolescents (N = 55, Mage = 12.27) and their parents using a video-mediated recall task of 10-min conflict-topic discussions. Using multilevel modeling, we found evidence of significant level-2 effects (mean affect) and level-1 effects (affective synchrony) for parents and their adolescents. Level-2 and level-1 associations were differentially moderated by adolescent age and adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms. More specifically, parent–adolescent synchrony was stronger when adolescents were older and had more internalizing problems. Further, more positive adolescent mean affect was associated with more positive parent affect (and vice versa), but only for dyads with low adolescent externalizing problems. Results underscore the importance of additional research examining parent–child affect in adolescence.
PW01-59 - Effects Of An Internet Based Assessment Of Child And Adolescent Psychopathology (Dawba) On Clinical Decision Making
- C. Kuhn, C. Winkler Metzke, M. Aebi, H.-C. Steinhausen
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 25 / Issue S1 / 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 April 2020, 25-E1458
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Objectives
The main objective was to examine agreement between the internet based Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) generated diagnoses and clinical diagnoses. Second, we aimed to explore how disclosure of the DAWBA-diagnosis before clinical decision making influenced the clinicians diagnosis. Third, whether there were differences of influence for different categories of disorders. Last, we examined how the use of DAWBA information affected identification of co-morbidities.
Methods315 patients from outpatient clinics were randomised into two groups. In 177 cases the clinician was informed about DAWBA diagnosis, in 155 cases the clinican was blind to DAWBA information. DAWBA is an internet based package of questionnaires and rating techniques designed to generate psychiatric ICD10 or DSM IV diagnoses for 5- 17 year old children and adolescents. Information from parents, teachers and self-reports are brought together by a computer programme that predicts likely diagnoses. An expert rater decides on the diagnosis by synopsis of these different inputs.
ResultsDAWBA diagnoses and clinical diagnosis without information from DAWBA showed acceptable agreement with Cohens kappa 0,26 for emotional disorders, kappa of 0,29 for hyperactive disorders and kappa of 0.31 for disruptive disorders.
There was a significant effect on clinical diagnoses for emotional disorders for disclosure of DAWBA (kappa of 0.26 without DAWBA information versus kappa of 0,52 with information, Fishers z of p< 0,05)
There was no significant effect of information about DAWBA-diagnosis considering comorbidities.
ConclusionsDAWBA showed the most pronounced effect on clinical diagnoses for emotional disorders in children and adolescents.
Plasma polyphenols associated with lower high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations: a cross-sectional study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort
- Laura M. Harms, Augustin Scalbert, Raul Zamora-Ros, Sabina Rinaldi, Mazda Jenab, Neil Murphy, David Achaintre, Anne Tjønneland, Anja Olsen, Kim Overvad, Francesca Romana Mancini, Yahya Mahamat-Saleh, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Tilman Kühn, Verena Katzke, Antonia Trichopoulou, Georgia Martimianaki, Anna Karakatsani, Domenico Palli, Salvatore Panico, Sabina Sieri, Rosario Tumino, Carlotta Sacerdote, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Roel C. H. Vermeulen, Elisabete Weiderpass, Therese Haugdahl Nøst, Cristina Lasheras, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, José María Huerta, Aurelio Barricarte, Miren Dorronsoro, Johan Hultdin, Julie A. Schmidt, Marc Gunter, Elio Riboli, Krasimira Aleksandrova
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 123 / Issue 2 / 28 January 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 October 2019, pp. 198-208
- Print publication:
- 28 January 2020
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Experimental studies have reported on the anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols. However, results from epidemiological investigations have been inconsistent and especially studies using biomarkers for assessment of polyphenol intake have been scant. We aimed to characterise the association between plasma concentrations of thirty-five polyphenol compounds and low-grade systemic inflammation state as measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). A cross-sectional data analysis was performed based on 315 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort with available measurements of plasma polyphenols and hsCRP. In logistic regression analysis, the OR and 95 % CI of elevated serum hsCRP (>3 mg/l) were calculated within quartiles and per standard deviation higher level of plasma polyphenol concentrations. In a multivariable-adjusted model, the sum of plasma concentrations of all polyphenols measured (per standard deviation) was associated with 29 (95 % CI 50, 1) % lower odds of elevated hsCRP. In the class of flavonoids, daidzein was inversely associated with elevated hsCRP (OR 0·66, 95 % CI 0·46, 0·96). Among phenolic acids, statistically significant associations were observed for 3,5-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (OR 0·58, 95 % CI 0·39, 0·86), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (OR 0·63, 95 % CI 0·46, 0·87), ferulic acid (OR 0·65, 95 % CI 0·44, 0·96) and caffeic acid (OR 0·69, 95 % CI 0·51, 0·93). The odds of elevated hsCRP were significantly reduced for hydroxytyrosol (OR 0·67, 95 % CI 0·48, 0·93). The present study showed that polyphenol biomarkers are associated with lower odds of elevated hsCRP. Whether diet rich in bioactive polyphenol compounds could be an effective strategy to prevent or modulate deleterious health effects of inflammation should be addressed by further well-powered longitudinal studies.
Intranasal packs and haemostatic agents for the management of adult epistaxis: systematic review
- I Z Iqbal, G H Jones, N Dawe, C Mamais, M E Smith, R J Williams, I Kuhn, S Carrie
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 131 / Issue 12 / December 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 December 2017, pp. 1065-1092
- Print publication:
- December 2017
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Background:
The mainstay of management of epistaxis refractory to first aid and cautery is intranasal packing. This review aimed to identify evidence surrounding nasal pack use.
Method:A systematic review of the literature was performed using standardised methodology.
Results:Twenty-seven eligible articles were identified relating to non-dissolvable packs and nine to dissolvable packs. Nasal packing appears to be more effective when applied by trained professionals. For non-dissolvable packs, the re-bleed rates for Rapid Rhino and Merocel were similar, but were higher with bismuth iodoform paraffin paste packing. Rapid Rhino packs were the most tolerated non-dissolvable packs. Evidence indicates that 96 per cent of re-bleeding occurs within the first 4 hours after nasal pack removal. Limited evidence suggests that dissolvable packs are effective and well tolerated by patients. There was a lack of evidence relating to: the duration of pack use, the economic effects of pack choice and the appropriate care setting for non-dissolvable packs.
Conclusion:Rapid Rhino packs are the best tolerated, with efficacy equivalent to nasal tampons. FloSeal is easy to use, causes less discomfort and may be superior to Merocel in anterior epistaxis cases. There is no strong evidence to support prophylactic antibiotic use.
Cardiovascular fitness in late adolescent males and later risk of serious non-affective mental disorders: a prospective, population-based study
- J. Nyberg, M. Henriksson, M. A. I. Åberg, A. Rosengren, M. Söderberg, N. D. Åberg, H. G. Kuhn, M. Waern
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 48 / Issue 3 / February 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 June 2017, pp. 416-425
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Background
Cardiovascular fitness in late adolescence is associated with future risk of depression. Relationships with other mental disorders need elucidation. This study investigated whether fitness in late adolescence is associated with future risk of serious non-affective mental disorders. Further, we examined how having an affected brother might impact the relationship.
MethodProspective, population-based cohort study of 1 109 786 Swedish male conscripts with no history of mental illness, who underwent conscription examinations at age 18 between 1968 and 2005. Cardiovascular fitness was objectively measured at conscription using a bicycle ergometer test. During the follow-up (3–42 years), incident cases of serious non-affective mental disorders (schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like disorders, other psychotic disorders and neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders) were identified through the Swedish National Hospital Discharge Register. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the influence of cardiovascular fitness at conscription and risk of serious non-affective mental disorders later in life.
ResultsLow fitness was associated with increased risk for schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like disorders [hazard ratio (HR) 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29–1.61], other psychotic disorders (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.27–1.56), and neurotic or stress-related and somatoform disorders (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.37–1.54). Relationships persisted in models that included illness in brothers.
ConclusionsLower fitness in late adolescent males is associated with increased risk of serious non-affective mental disorders in adulthood.
100 years of ice dynamics of Hintereisferner, Central Alps, Austria, 1894–1994
- N. Span, M. H. Kuhn, H. Schneider
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- Annals of Glaciology / Volume 24 / 1997
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 297-302
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Velocity measurements carried out on Hintereisferner, Central Alps, Austria, provide the unique opportunity to study 100 years of ice dynamics of this glacier. During this time, three periods of accelerated flow occurred, around 1920, in 1940 and in the 1970s; but only around 1920 did the acceleration actually lead to an advance of about 60 m. The velocity increased from 30 m year−1 in 1914 to more than 120 m year−1 in 1919, and doubled during the accelerations of 1940 and 1980. In the course of the third event, the velocity increase spread over a period of more than a decade (1965–79) with a comparatively low maximum. These velocity changes cannot be explained by increased deformation velocity due to increased ice thickness alone.
Time series of the velocities at various locations along the glacier are given for the entire period, and an attempt was made to construct a time series of the velocity at a point 2 km from the strongly retreating front. The flow divergence was about 0.1 per year in the lowest 2 km, and emergence velocities reached 5 myear−1.
Epidemiological and serological investigation of a waterborne Campylobacter jejuni outbreak in a Danish town
- K. GAARDBO KUHN, G. FALKENHORST, H.-D. EMBORG, T. CEPER, M. TORPDAHL, K. A. KROGFELT, S. ETHELBERG, K. MØLBAK
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 145 / Issue 4 / March 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 December 2016, pp. 701-709
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Following an unusually heavy rainfall in June 2009, a community-wide outbreak of Campylobacter gastroenteritis occurred in a small Danish town. The outbreak investigation consisted of (1) a cohort study using an e-questionnaire of disease determinants, (2) microbiological study of stool samples, (3) serological study of blood samples from cases and asymptomatic members of case households, and (4) environmental analyses of the water distribution system. The questionnaire study identified 163 cases (respondent attack rate 16%). Results showed a significant dose-response relationship between consumption of tap water and risk of gastroenteritis. Campylobacter jejuni belonging to two related flaA types were isolated from stool samples. Serum antibody levels against Campylobacter were significantly higher in cases than in asymptomatic persons. Water samples were positive for coliform bacteria, and the likely mode of contamination was found to be surface water leaking into the drinking-water system. This geographically constrained outbreak presented an ideal opportunity to study the serological response in persons involved in a Campylobacter outbreak. The serology indicated that asymptomatic persons from the same household may have been exposed, during the outbreak period, to Campylobacter at doses that did not elicit symptoms or alternatively had been exposed to Campylobacter at a time prior to the outbreak, resulting in residual immunity and thus absence of clinical signs.
Meal patterns across ten European countries – results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study
- E Huseinovic, A Winkvist, N Slimani, MK Park, H Freisling, H Boeing, G Buckland, L Schwingshackl, E Weiderpass, AL Rostgaard-Hansen, A Tjønneland, A Affret, MC Boutron-Ruault, G Fagherazzi, V Katzke, T Kühn, A Naska, P Orfanos, A Trichopoulou, V Pala, D Palli, F Ricceri, M Santucci de Magistris, R Tumino, D Engeset, T Enget, G Skeie, A Barricarte, CB Bonet, MD Chirlaque, P Amiano, JR Quirós, MJ Sánchez, JA Dias, I Drake, M Wennberg, JMA Boer, MC Ocké, WMM Verschuren, C Lassale, A Perez-Cornago, E Riboli, H Ward, H Bertéus Forslund
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 19 / Issue 15 / October 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 May 2016, pp. 2769-2780
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Objective
To characterize meal patterns across ten European countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study.
DesignCross-sectional study utilizing dietary data collected through a standardized 24 h diet recall during 1995–2000. Eleven predefined intake occasions across a 24 h period were assessed during the interview. In the present descriptive report, meal patterns were analysed in terms of daily number of intake occasions, the proportion reporting each intake occasion and the energy contributions from each intake occasion.
SettingTwenty-seven centres across ten European countries.
SubjectsWomen (64 %) and men (36 %) aged 35–74 years (n 36 020).
ResultsPronounced differences in meal patterns emerged both across centres within the same country and across different countries, with a trend for fewer intake occasions per day in Mediterranean countries compared with central and northern Europe. Differences were also found for daily energy intake provided by lunch, with 38–43 % for women and 41–45 % for men within Mediterranean countries compared with 16–27 % for women and 20–26 % for men in central and northern European countries. Likewise, a south–north gradient was found for daily energy intake from snacks, with 13–20 % (women) and 10–17 % (men) in Mediterranean countries compared with 24–34 % (women) and 23–35 % (men) in central/northern Europe.
ConclusionsWe found distinct differences in meal patterns with marked diversity for intake frequency and lunch and snack consumption between Mediterranean and central/northern European countries. Monitoring of meal patterns across various cultures and populations could provide critical context to the research efforts to characterize relationships between dietary intake and health.
Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
- Print publication:
- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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Combustion enhancement in a scramjet engine using oxygen enrichment and porous fuel injection
- Bianca R. Capra, R. R. Boyce, M. Kuhn, H. Hald
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- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 767 / 25 March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 February 2015, pp. 173-198
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This paper reports on the experimental testing of oxygen-enriched porous fuel injection in a scramjet engine. Fuel was injected via inlet mounted, oxide-based ceramic matrix composite (CMC) injectors on both flow path surfaces that covered a total of 9.2 % of the intake surface area. All experiments were performed at an enthalpy of $3.93{-}4.25\pm 3.2\,\%~\text{MJ}~\text{kg}^{-1}$, flight Mach number 9.2–9.6 and an equivalence ratio of $0.493\pm 3\,\%$. At this condition, the engine was shown to be on the verge of achieving appreciable combustion. Oxygen was then added to the fuel prior to injection such that two distinct enrichment levels were achieved. Combustion was found to increase, by as much as 40 % in terms of combustion-induced pressure rise, over the fuel-only case with increasing oxygen enrichment. Further, the onset of combustion was found to move upstream with increasing levels of oxygen enrichment. Thrust, both uninstalled and specific, and specific impulse were found to be improved with oxygen enrichment. Enhanced fuel–air mixing due to the pre-mixing of oxygen with the fuel together with the porous fuel injection are believed to be the main contributors to the observed enhanced performance of the tested engine.
Cardiovascular fitness in early adulthood and future suicidal behaviour in men followed for up to 42 years
- M. A. I. Åberg, J. Nyberg, K. Torén, A. Sörberg, H. G. Kuhn, M. Waern
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 44 / Issue 4 / March 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 June 2013, pp. 779-788
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Background
Cardiovascular fitness influences many aspects of brain function. However, the relationship between cardiovascular fitness and suicidal behaviour is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether cardiovascular fitness at age 18 years is associated with future risk of suicide attempt/death.
MethodWe performed a population-based Swedish longitudinal cohort study of male conscripts with no previous or ongoing mental illness (n = 1 136 527). The conscription examination, which took place during 1968–2005, included the cycle ergonometric test and tests of cognitive performance. Future risk of suicide attempt/death over a 5- to 42-year follow-up period was calculated with Cox proportional hazards models controlling for several confounders including familial factors.
ResultsAt least one suicide attempt was recorded for 12 563 men. Death by suicide without a prior attempt was recorded in 4814 additional individuals. In fully adjusted models low cardiovascular fitness was associated with increased risk for future attempt/death by suicide [hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64–1.94]. The HR changed only marginally after exclusion of persons who received in-patient care for depression (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.61–1.94). Poor performance on both the cardiovascular fitness and cognitive tests was associated with a fivefold increased risk of suicide attempt or suicide death (HR 5.46, 95% CI 4.78–6.24).
ConclusionsLower cardiovascular fitness at age 18 years was, after adjustment for a number of potential confounders, associated with an increased risk of attempt/death by suicide in adulthood. It remains to be clarified whether interventions designed to improve fitness in teens can influence the risk of suicidal behaviour later in life.
Fish consumption and subsequent change in body weight in European women and men
- Marianne U. Jakobsen, Claus Dethlefsen, Karen M. Due, Anne M. May, Dora Romaguera, Anne-Claire Vergnaud, Teresa Norat, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Jytte Halkjær, Anne Tjønneland, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Francoise Clavel-Chapelon, Guy Fagherazzi, Birgit Teucher, Tilman Kühn, Manuela M. Bergmann, Heiner Boeing, Androniki Naska, Philippos Orfanos, Antonia Trichopoulou, Domenico Palli, Maria Santucci De Magistris, Sabina Sieri, H. B. Bueno-de-Mesquita, Daphne L. van der A, Dagrun Engeset, Anette Hjartåker, Laudina Rodríguez, Antonio Agudo, Esther Molina-Montes, José M. Huerta, Aurelio Barricarte, Pilar Amiano, Jonas Manjer, Elisabet Wirfält, Göran Hallmans, Ingegerd Johansson, Kay-Tee Khaw, Nicholas J. Wareham, Timothy J. Key, Veronique Chajès, Nadia Slimani, Elio Riboli, Petra H. M. Peeters, Kim Overvad
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 109 / Issue 2 / 28 January 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 April 2012, pp. 353-362
- Print publication:
- 28 January 2013
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Fish consumption is the major dietary source of EPA and DHA, which according to rodent experiments may reduce body fat mass and prevent obesity. Only a few human studies have investigated the association between fish consumption and body-weight gain. We investigated the association between fish consumption and subsequent change in body weight. Women and men (n 344 757) participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition were followed for a median of 5·0 years. Linear and logistic regression were used to investigate the associations between fish consumption and subsequent change in body weight. Among women, the annual weight change was 5·70 (95 % CI 4·35, 7·06), 2·23 (95 % CI 0·16, 4·31) and 11·12 (95 % CI 8·17, 14·08) g/10 g higher total, lean and fatty fish consumption per d, respectively. The OR of becoming overweight in 5 years among women who were normal weight at enrolment was 1·02 (95 % CI 1·01, 1·02), 1·01 (95 % CI 1·00, 1·02) and 1·02 (95 % CI 1·01, 1·04) g/10 g higher total, lean and fatty consumption per d, respectively. Among men, fish consumption was not statistically significantly associated with weight change. Adjustment for potential over- or underestimation of fish consumption did not systematically change the observed associations, but the 95 % CI became wider. The results in subgroups from analyses stratified by age or BMI at enrolment were not systematically different. In conclusion, the present study suggests that fish consumption has no appreciable association with body-weight gain.
Variations in biochemical phenotypes and phage types of Salmonella enteritidis in Germany 1980–92
- M. Katouli, R. H. Seuffer, R. Wollin, I. Kühn, R. Möllby
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- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 111 / Issue 2 / October 1993
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 May 2009, pp. 199-208
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The Phene Plate system for typing Salmonella serotypes (PhP-S) is a simple automated typing method based on biochemical fingerprinting. It gives a quantitative value of the metabolism of various substrates by measuring the speed and intensity of each reaction. The ‘biochemical fingerprint’ of each isolate is used to calculate similarities among the tested strains with a personal computer program. We used this system to examine a collection of 86 strains of Salmonella enteritidis isolated from human sporadic cases in Germany between 1980 and 1992. Twenty-three biochemical phenotypes (BPTs) consisting of 9 common (C) and 14 single (S) BPTs were identified. BPTs C2 and C4 containing 20 and 36 strains respectively accounted for 65% of the isolates. Strains of BPT C2 were found over a wide period of time whereas strains of BPT C4 were isolated during the period between 1988 and 1992. With phage typing, 11 discrete phage types (PTs) and 18 strains designated as non-specific type (NST) were identified. PTs 4 and 8 with 39 and 17 strains respectively were the dominant PTs. Strains of PT 8 were isolated over a wide period of time whereas all (except one) strains of PT 4 were isolated between 1988 and 1992. Combination of biochemical fingerprinting and phage typing divided the strains into 25 phenotypes (BPT:PTs). Whilst phenotype C2:8 was found over a number of different years, phenotype C4:4 was isolated only between 1988 and 1992. These findings indicate the presence of one persistent and one recently emerged phenotype among S. enteritidis strains in Germany. Although both methods identified the presence of both major and less common types, biochemical fingerprinting with the PhP-S system also provided information about relationships between the strains.
Nanoindentation and Nanowear Studies of Sputter-Deposited Ultrathin Tin Oxide Films on Glass Substrates
- J. G. Wang, M. E. Stahley, C. G. Pantano, D. H. Yang, T. Anderson, L. Kuhn
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- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 695 / 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 March 2011, L3.6.1
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- 2001
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Tin oxide thin films on glass are used in a variety of applications ranging from transparent conductors to coupling layers to wear resistant coatings. The mechanical properties and wear resistance are crucial to most applications of tin oxide films. In the present study, ultrathin tin oxide films were sputter-deposited on the two different glass substrates. Nanoindentation, nanoscratch and nanowear experiments were performed on the tin oxide films with different thickness using a Hysitron TriboScope at different loads. Hardness and Young's modulus of elasticity were determined from the depth sensing load-displacement data. A lower friction coefficient was observed on the thinner film using the ramping load scratch test. Critical loads were determined by the ramping load scratch test and multi-slide nanowear tests on the tin oxide film deposited on the alkali contained commercial float glass (LOF-P16) glass. Discussion on the effect of surface chemistry on the mechanical properties was made.